Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a non-contagious skin disease characterized by the appearance of white patches on the skin. These occur when the pigment cells (melanocytes) cease to function or disappear completely.

Those affected not only suffer from the visible skin changes but often also from psychological stress. However, modern dermatology offers various treatment options to improve the skin's appearance and enhance quality of life.

If you notice visible changes in your skin or suspect vitiligo, early diagnosis by an experienced dermatologist and venereologist is helpful. Only through targeted diagnostics and individually tailored therapy can the condition be effectively treated.

Whether light therapy, topical medications or other treatment options – together with a specialized dermatologist you will find the right solution for your problem.

Trust in our expertise and experience to improve your skin's appearance and your quality of life. Contact us or schedule an appointment online.

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Causes of vitiligo: genetic factors, autoimmune reactions and everyday triggers

The exact causes of vitiligo are not yet fully understood. Doctors suspect that a combination of genetic predisposition, autoimmune reactions, and external influences leads to the destruction of the pigment-producing cells.

Hormonal changes, stress, or UV radiation can also play a role. In some patients, the first signs appear in particularly sensitive areas, typically areas of the body regularly exposed to friction or sunlight.

Typical Vitiligo Symptoms: Recognizing and Understanding White Spots/Light Spots on the Skin

Vitiligo is characterized by characteristic changes in the skin's appearance. The typical symptoms affect not only the skin but, in some cases, also the hair, nails, and mucous membranes.

Appearance of sharply defined, light to white pigment spots
Visible parts of the body are often affected
often symmetrical spread of the spots on both sides of the body
initially small, individual areas that can gradually enlarge
no pain or itching – the skin changes are usually asymptomatic
Changes to nails or mucous membranes are rare but possible
Vitiligo often occurs together with other autoimmune diseases
particularly noticeable on dark skin, as the contrast to healthy skin is stronger
psychological stress should not be underestimated

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity. Early dermatological diagnosis is crucial for individually tailored treatment.

What are the treatment options for vitiligo?

Topical steroids

A central component of vitiligo treatment is the use of topical steroids. This form of therapy is often recommended by dermatologists as a first-line treatment, especially for small-scale skin lesions. Creams or ointments containing corticosteroid active ingredients are applied directly to the affected areas of skin. They serve to reduce inflammation, dampen the skin's immune response, and simultaneously promote pigmentation. The effectiveness of topical corticosteroids depends on several factors, including the extent of vitiligo, the body region, and the duration of use. These medications can slow the progression of the disease and, in some cases, even cause the pigmentation spots to regress. Particularly good results have been achieved with fresh spots. Since cortisone preparations can cause side effects such as skin thinning if used for a long time or improperly, treatment should always be carried out under medical supervision. Regular consultations with your doctor are therefore recommended to select the appropriate treatment method for your individual needs. Patients should always consult a specialist in dermatology and venereology if they have any questions about vitiligo treatment.

Light therapy

Light therapy is a proven dermatological procedure frequently used in the treatment of vitiligo. It involves targeting the affected skin areas with ultraviolet light, particularly UVB radiation. This special form of radiation can stimulate pigment cells to produce melanin again, thus partially restoring the skin's natural color. In dermatological practice, a distinction is made between UVB and UVA therapy. If necessary, combination therapy with light-sensitizing substances (PUVA) can also be used. UVB light therapy is considered particularly gentle on the skin and is performed several times a week over a set period of time. The first visible improvements often appear after a few weeks. The treatment is particularly suitable for extensive skin changes or hard-to-reach areas of the body, such as the back, legs, or head. Chronic conditions such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis can also be treated with UV light in parallel. Before treatment begins, a detailed diagnosis and individual consultation are performed. Regular monitoring is important to document progress and determine the optimal treatment procedure.

Topical calcineurin inhibitors

Another component of modern vitiligo therapy is the use of topical calcineurin inhibitors, which are primarily used in dermatology as an alternative to cortisone preparations. These medications – often in the form of creams or ointments containing active ingredients such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus – have anti-inflammatory effects and regulate the skin's immune response. They can therefore specifically contribute to stabilizing the function of pigment cells and restimulating pigmentation. This therapy is particularly suitable for sensitive areas of the body, where long-term use of topical steroids is limited due to potential side effects. Calcineurin inhibitors are considered well-tolerated and can be used over extended periods without compromising the skin's structure. In daily dermatological practice, consistent use has shown positive effects on the skin's appearance, especially in newly developed pigment disorders. Use should always be under medical supervision, as individual differences in effectiveness exist. This form of therapy is part of a holistic treatment program that is tailored to the individual needs of patients – supported by the experience of dermatologists and specialists.

What is vitiligo?

Vitiligo, also known medically as white spot disease, is a chronic skin disease in which pigment cells are destroyed, resulting in sharply defined white patches on the skin.

Is vitiligo contagious or is it a sexually transmitted disease?

Vitiligo is not contagious and is not considered a sexually transmitted disease. It is an autoimmune skin condition that occurs independently of external factors.

Which parts of the body are most commonly affected?

The hands, elbows, knees, face, and head are commonly affected. Mucous membranes, scars, and areas with sun damage also often show pigment loss.

Are there any treatments to remove or reverse the spots?

Yes, there are several dermatology services that can provide visible improvement—from topical medications to light and laser therapy to cosmetic procedures.

What effect does light or laser treatment have on vitiligo?

Laser treatments and light therapy stimulate pigment production. These methods are particularly effective for fresh spots.

Can other skin diseases such as neurodermatitis or acne occur at the same time?

Yes, many patients with vitiligo also suffer from atopic dermatitis, acne, eczema, or psoriasis. Therefore, holistic dermatological care is advisable.

Who is responsible for diagnosis and therapy?

Dermatologists, assistant physicians or experienced specialists in medicine, dermatology and venereology carry out the diagnostics and coordinate individually appropriate treatment procedures.

What role does cosmetic treatment play?

For highly visible spots, medical cosmetic surgery can also help. A cosmetician familiar with these skin conditions can perform appropriate treatments to correct pigmentation.

Where can I get it treated?

In dermatologist practices and dermatology clinics, an interdisciplinary team of physicians, phlebology specialists, and nurses is available.

What can I do to protect my skin?

Protection from UV radiation helps prevent pigment spots and also skin cancer. Desensitization may also be considered for allergies or immunological causes.